Pmw functions

Pmw.aboutcontact(value)

Pmw.aboutcopyright(value)

Pmw.aboutversion(value)

Pmw.aligngrouptags(groups)

Pmw.alignlabels(widgets, sticky = None)

Adjust the size of the labels of all the widgets to be equal, so that the body of each widget lines up vertically. This assumes that each widget is a megawidget with a label component in column 0 (ie, the labelpos option was set to 'w', 'wn' or 'ws'). If sticky is set to a combination of 'n', 's', 'e' and 'w', the label will be positioned within its cell accordingly. For example to make labels right justified, set sticky to 'e', 'ne' or 'se'.

Pmw.alphabeticvalidator(text)

Validator function for Pmw.EntryField alphabetic standard validator.

Pmw.alphanumericvalidator(text)

Validator function for Pmw.EntryField alphanumeric standard validator.

Pmw.busycallback(command, updateFunction = None)

Create a wrapper function which displays a busy cursor while executing command and return the wrapper. When the wrapper function is called, it first calls Pmw.showbusycursor(), then the command (passing any arguments to it), then Pmw.hidebusycursor(). The return value of command is returned from the wrapper.

If updateFunction is specified, it is called just before the call to Pmw.hidebusycursor(). This is intended to be the Tkinter update() method, in which case it will clear any events that may have occurred while command was executing. An example of this usage is in the ShowBusy demonstration: run the demonstration, click on the entry widget then click on the button and type some characters while the busy cursor is displayed. No characters should appear in the entry widget.

Note that the Tkinter update() method should only be called when it is known that it can be safely called. One case where a problem has been found is when a filehandler has been created (on a non-blocking Oracle database connection), but the filehandler does not read from the connection. The connection is read (by a call to the Oracle fetch function ofen) in a loop which also contains a call to _tkinter.dooneevent(). If update() is called from dooneevent() and there is data to be read on the connection, then the filehandler will be called continuously, thus hanging the application.

Pmw.clearbusycursor()

Unconditionally remove the event block and busy cursor from all windows. This undoes all outstanding calls to Pmw.showbusycursor().

Pmw.datestringtojdn(text, format = 'ymd', separator = '/')

Return the Julian Day Number corresponding to the date in text. A Julian Day Number is defined as the number of days since 1 Jan 4713 BC. The date must be specified as three integers separated by the separator character. The integers must be in the order specified by format, which must be a combination of 'd', 'm' and 'y' in any order. These give the order of the day, month and year fields. Examples of valid input are:

 'dmy':  31/01/99  31/1/1999  31/1/99
 'mdy':  01/31/99  1/31/1999  1/31/99
 'ymd':  99/01/31  1999/1/31  99/1/31

If the application's pivot year (default 50) is not None and the year specified in text has only one or two digits, then the year is converted to a four digit year. If it is less than or equal to the pivot year, then it is incremented by the application's century value (default 2000). If it is more than the pivot year then it is incremented by the century value less 100.

The function Pmw.setyearpivot() can be used to change the default values for the application's pivot and century.

Pmw.datevalidator(text, format = 'ymd', separator = '/')

Validator function for Pmw.EntryField date standard validator.

Pmw.displayerror(text)

This is a general purpose method for displaying background errors to the user. The errors would normally be programming errors and may be caused by errors in Tk callbacks or functions called by other asynchronous events. The error messages are shown in a text window. If further errors occur while the window is displayed, the window is raised and these new errors are queued. The queued errors may be viewed by the user or ignored by dismissing the window.

Pmw.drawarrow(canvas, fg, direction, tag)

Pmw.forwardmethods(fromClass, toClass, toPart, exclude = ())

Forward methods from one class to another.

This function adds methods to the class fromClass. The names of the methods added are the names of the methods of the class toClass (and its base classes) except those which are already defined by fromClass or are found in the exclude list. Special methods with one or more leading or trailing underscores are also excluded.

When one of the added methods is called, the method of the same name is called on an instance defined by toPart and the return value passed back. If toPart is a string, then it specifies the name of an attribute (not a component) of the fromClass object. The class of this attribute should be toClass. If toPart is not a string, it must be a function taking a fromClass object and returning a toClass object.

This function must be called outside of and after the definition of fromClass.

For example:

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        ...
        self.__target = TargetClass()
        ...

    def foo(self):
        pass

    def findtarget(self):
        return self.__target

Pmw.forwardmethods(MyClass, TargetClass, '__target',
    ['dangerous1', 'dangerous2'])

# ...or...

Pmw.forwardmethods(MyClass, TargetClass,
    MyClass.findtarget, ['dangerous1', 'dangerous2'])

In both cases, all TargetClass methods will be forwarded from MyClass except for dangerous1, dangerous2, special methods like __str__, and pre-existing methods like foo.

Pmw.grabstacktopwindow()

Pmw.hexadecimalvalidator(text)

Validator function for Pmw.EntryField hexadecimal standard validator.

Pmw.hidebusycursor(forceFocusRestore = 0)

Undo one call to Pmw.showbusycursor(). If there are no outstanding calls to Pmw.showbusycursor(), remove the event block and busy cursor.

If the focus window has not been changed since the corresponding call to Pmw.showbusycursor(), or if forceFocusRestore is true, then the focus is restored to that saved by Pmw.showbusycursor().

Pmw.initialise(root = None, size = None, fontScheme = None, useTkOptionDb = 0, noBltBusy = 0, disableKeyboardWhileBusy = None)

Initialise Pmw. This performs several functions:

• Set up a trap in the Tkinter Toplevel constructor so that a list of Toplevels can be maintained. A list of all Toplevel windows needs to be kept so that Pmw.showbusycursor() can create busy cursors for them.

• Set up a trap in the Tkinter Toplevel and Frame destructors so that Pmw is notified when these widgets are destroyed. This allows Pmw to destroy megawidgets when their hull widget is destroyed and to prune the list of Toplevels.

• Modify Tkinter's CallWrapper class to improve the display of errors which occur in callbacks. If an error occurs, the new CallWrapper class calls Pmw.clearbusycursor() to remove the any outstanding busy cursors and calls Pmw.displayerror() to display the error. This behaviour can be modified by calling Pmw.reporterrorstofile().

• Using the window given by root, set the WM_DELETE_WINDOW root window protocol to destroy the root window. This means that the root window is destroyed if the window manager deletes it. This is only done if the protocol has not been set before the call to Pmw.initialise(). This protocol is required if there is a modal dialog displayed and the window manager deletes the root window. Otherwise the application will not exit, even though there are no windows.

• Set the base font size for the application to size. This is used by Pmw.logicalfont() as the default point size for fonts. If this is not given, the default is 14, except under NT where it is 16. These are reasonable default sizes for most screens, but for unusually high or low screen resolutions, an appropriate size should be supplied. Note that Tk's definition of point size, is somewhat idiosyncratic.

• Set the Tk option database for root according to fontScheme. This changes the default fonts set by Tk. fontScheme may be one of

  None

  Do not change the Tk defaults.

  'pmw1'

  If running under posix (Unix), set the default font to be Helvetica with bold italic menus and italic scales. For other operating systems (such as NT or Macintosh), set the default font to be Helvetica.

• If root is None, use the Tkinter default root window as the root, if it has been created, or create a new Tk root window. The initialise() method returns this root.

• If useTkOptionDb is true, then, when a megawidget is created, the Tk option database will be queried to get the initial values of the options which have not been set in the call to the constructor. The resource name used in the query is the same as the option name and the resource class is the option name with the first letter capitalised. If useTkOptionDb is false, then options for newly created megawidgets will be initialised to default values.

It is not absolutely necessary to call this function to be able to use Pmw. However, some functionality will be lost. Most importantly, Pmw megawidgets will not be notified when their hull widget is destroyed. This may prevent the megawidget from cleaning up timers which will try to access the widget, hence causing a background error to occur.

Pmw.installedversions(alpha = 0)

If alpha is false, return the list of base versions of Pmw that are currently installed and available for use. If alpha is true, return the list of alpha versions.

Pmw.integervalidator(text)

Validator function for Pmw.EntryField integer standard validator.

Pmw.jdntoymd(jdn, julian = -1, papal = 1)

Pmw.logicalfont(name = 'Helvetica', sizeIncr = 0, **kw)

Pmw.logicalfontnames()

Pmw.numericvalidator(text)

Validator function for Pmw.EntryField numeric standard validator.

Pmw.popgrab(window)

Pmw.pushgrab(window, globalMode, deactivateFunction)

Pmw.realvalidator(text, separator = '.')

Validator function for Pmw.EntryField real standard validator.

Pmw.releasegrabs()

Pmw.reporterrorstofile(file = None)

If file is None, or if Pmw.reporterrorstofile() has not been called, future Tk background errors will be displayed in an error window (by calling Pmw.displayerror()). If file is not None, future Tk background errors will be written to the file. file may be any object with a write() method, such as sys.stderr.

Pmw.setalphaversions(*alpha_versions)

Set the list of alpha versions of Pmw to use for this session to the arguments. When searching for Pmw classes and functions, these alpha versions will be searched, in the order given, before the base version. This must be called before any other Pmw class or function, except functions setting or querying versions.

Pmw.setbusycursorattributes(window, **kw)

Use the keyword arguments to set attributes controlling the effect on window (which must be a Tkinter.Toplevel) of future calls to Pmw.showbusycursor(). The attributes are:

exclude

a boolean value which specifies whether the window will be affected by calls to Pmw.showbusycursor(). If a window is excluded, then the cursor will not be changed to a busy cursor and events will still be delivered to the window. By default, windows are affected by calls to Pmw.showbusycursor().

cursorName

the name of the cursor to use when displaying the busy cursor. If None, then the default cursor is used.

Pmw.setgeometryanddeiconify(window, geom)

Pmw.setversion(version)

Set the version of Pmw to use for this session to version. If Pmw.setversion() is not called, the latest installed version of Pmw will be used. This must be called before any other Pmw class or function, except functions setting or querying versions.

Pmw.setyearpivot(pivot, century = None)

Set the pivot year and century for the application's date processing. These values are used in the datestringtojdn() method, which is used by Pmw.Counter and Pmw.EntryField and derived classes. The initial values of pivot and century are 50 and 2000 repectively. Return a tuple containing the old values of pivot and century.

Pmw.showbusycursor()

Block events to and display a busy cursor over all windows in this application that are in the state 'normal' or 'iconic', except those windows whose exclude busycursor attribute has been set to true by a call to Pmw.setbusycursorattributes().

If a window and its contents have just been created, update_idletasks() may have to be called before Pmw.showbusycursor() so that the window is mapped to the screen. Windows created or deiconified after calling Pmw.showbusycursor() will not be blocked.

To unblock events and remove the busy cursor, use Pmw.hidebusycursor(). Nested calls to Pmw.showbusycursor() may be made. In this case, a matching number of calls to Pmw.hidebusycursor() must be made before the event block and busy cursor are removed.

If the BLT extension to Tk is not present, this function has no effect other than to save the value of the current focus window, to be later restored by Pmw.hidebusycursor().

Pmw.stringtoreal(text, separator = '.')

Return the real number represented by text. This is similar to string.atof() except that the character representing the decimal point in text is given by separator.

Pmw.timestringtoseconds(text, separator = ':')

Pmw.timevalidator(text, separator = ':')

Validator function for Pmw.EntryField time standard validator.

Pmw.tracetk(root = None, on = 1, withStackTrace = 0, file = None)

Print debugging trace of calls to, and callbacks from, the Tk interpreter associated with the root window . If root is None, use the Tkinter default root. If on is true, start tracing, otherwise stop tracing. If withStackTrace is true, print a python function call stacktrace after the trace for each call to Tk. If file is None, print to standard error, otherwise print to the file given by file.

For each call to Tk, the Tk command and its options are printed as a python tuple, followed by the return value of the command (if not the empty string). For example:

python executed:
  button = Tkinter.Button()
  button.configure(text = 'Hi')

tracetk output:
  CALL  TK> 1:  ('button', '.3662448') -> '.3662448'
  CALL  TK> 1:  ('.3662448', 'configure', '-text', 'Hi')

Some calls from python to Tk (such as update, tkwait, invoke, etc) result in the execution of callbacks from Tk to python. These python callbacks can then recursively call into Tk. When displayed by tracetk(), these recursive calls are indented proportionally to the depth of recursion. The depth is also printed as a leading number. The return value of a call to Tk which generated recursive calls is printed on a separate line at the end of the recursion. For example:

python executed:
  def callback():
      button.configure(text = 'Bye')
      return 'Got me!'
  button = Tkinter.Button()
  button.configure(command = callback)
  button.invoke()

tracetk output:
  CALL  TK> 1:  ('button', '.3587144') -> '.3587144'
  CALL  TK> 1:  ('.3587144', 'configure', '-command', '3638368callback')
  CALL  TK> 1:  ('.3587144', 'invoke')
  CALLBACK> 2:    callback()
  CALL  TK> 2:    ('.3587144', 'configure', '-text', 'Bye')
  CALL RTN> 1:  -> 'Got me!'

Pmw.initialise() must be called before tracetk() so that hooks are put into the Tkinter CallWrapper class to trace callbacks from Tk to python and also to handle recursive calls correctly.

Pmw.version(alpha = 0)

If alpha is false, return the base version of Pmw being used for this session. If Pmw.setversion() has not been called, this will be the latest installed version of Pmw. If alpha is true, return the list of alpha versions of Pmw being used for this session, in search order. If Pmw.setalphaversions() has not been called, this will be the empty list.

Pmw.ymdtojdn(y, m, d, julian = -1, papal = 1)