5.3 Importing Modules

PyObject* PyImport_ImportModule(char *name)

This is a simplified interface to PyImport_ImportModuleEx() below, leaving the globals and locals arguments set to NULL. When the name argument contains a dot (i.e., when it specifies a submodule of a package), the fromlist argument is set to the list ['*'] so that the return value is the named module rather than the top-level package containing it as would otherwise be the case. (Unfortunately, this has an additional side effect when name in fact specifies a subpackage instead of a submodule: the submodules specified in the package's __all__ variable are loaded.) Return a new reference to the imported module, or NULL with an exception set on failure (the module may still be created in this case -- examine sys.modules to find out).

PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleEx(char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist)

Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python function __import__() , as the standard __import__() function calls this function directly.

The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level package, or NULL with an exception set on failure (the module may still be created in this case). Like for __import__(), the return value when a submodule of a package was requested is normally the top-level package, unless a non-empty fromlist was given.

PyObject* PyImport_Import(PyObject *name)

This is a higher-level interface that calls the current ``import hook function''. It invokes the __import__() function from the __builtins__ of the current globals. This means that the import is done using whatever import hooks are installed in the current environment, e.g. by rexec  or ihooks .

PyObject* PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m)

Reload a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python function reload() , as the standard reload() function calls this function directly. Return a new reference to the reloaded module, or NULL with an exception set on failure (the module still exists in this case).

PyObject* PyImport_AddModule(char *name)

Return the module object corresponding to a module name. The name argument may be of the form package.module). First check the modules dictionary if there's one there, and if not, create a new one and insert in in the modules dictionary. Because the former action is most common, this does not return a new reference, and you do not own the returned reference. Return NULL with an exception set on failure.

PyObject* PyImport_ExecCodeModule(char *name, PyObject *co)

Given a module name (possibly of the form package.module) and a code object read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in function compile() , load the module. Return a new reference to the module object, or NULL with an exception set if an error occurred (the module may still be created in this case). (This function would reload the module if it was already imported.)

long PyImport_GetMagicNumber()

Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a. ".pyc" and ".pyo" files). The magic number should be present in the first four bytes of the bytecode file, in little-endian byte order.

PyObject* PyImport_GetModuleDict()

Return the dictionary used for the module administration (a.k.a. sys.modules). Note that this is a per-interpreter variable.

void _PyImport_Init()

Initialize the import mechanism. For internal use only.

void PyImport_Cleanup()

Empty the module table. For internal use only.

void _PyImport_Fini()

Finalize the import mechanism. For internal use only.

PyObject* _PyImport_FindExtension(char *, char *)

For internal use only.

PyObject* _PyImport_FixupExtension(char *, char *)

For internal use only.

int PyImport_ImportFrozenModule(char *)

Load a frozen module. Return 1 for success, 0 if the module is not found, and -1 with an exception set if the initialization failed. To access the imported module on a successful load, use PyImport_ImportModule(). (Note the misnomer -- this function would reload the module if it was already imported.)

struct _frozen

This is the structure type definition for frozen module descriptors, as generated by the freeze  utility (see "Tools/freeze/" in the Python source distribution). Its definition is:

struct _frozen {
    char *name;
    unsigned char *code;
    int size;
};

struct _frozen* PyImport_FrozenModules

This pointer is initialized to point to an array of struct _frozen records, terminated by one whose members are all NULL or zero. When a frozen module is imported, it is searched in this table. Third-party code could play tricks with this to provide a dynamically created collection of frozen modules.